Sumit Kumar

1) Electric Vehicle (EV) Mini Model:- 🔹What it is A small battery-powered vehicle using a DC motor to simulate how real EVs work. #)Components 1) DC motor 2) Rechargeable battery (Li-ion / 9V) 3)Wheels + chassis 4)Switch / controller 5) Wires, gearbox (optional) #) Working Battery → supplies power → motor rotates → wheels move → vehicle runs. #) Advantages 1) Easy to build 2) Very low cost 3) Great for basic understanding 4) Can be completed quickly #) Limitations 1) Very basic concept 2) Less innovation unless you add features 3) Many students choose this (less unique). 2) Solar Tracker System:- 🔹 What it is A system that automatically rotates a solar panel to face the sun for maximum energy. #) Components 1) Solar panel 2) LDR sensors (light dependent resistors) 3) Servo motor / DC motor 4) Arduino (optional but recommended) 5) Battery / power supply #) Working 1) LDR detects light intensity 2) Controller compares signals 3) Motor rotates panel toward maximum sunlight 4) Increases energy output #) Advantages 1) More innovative and modern 2) Real-world application (renewable energy) 3) Higher marks potential 4) Shows logic + automation #) Limitations 1) Slightly complex 2) Needs basic electronics knowledge 3) Costs more than EV model

1st project on regenerative braking system. Regenerative braking system:- Regenerative braking works by using the electric motor as a generator to capture kinetic energy during deceleration, converting it into electrical energy that is then sent back to recharge the vehicle's battery. Instead of using friction to waste energy as heat, this system creates a braking force from the energy captured, effectively turning the car's motion into stored electrical power. 2nd project on electromagnetic brakes system Electromagnetic brakes system:-Electromagnetic brakes work by using electromagnetism to create a force that either slows or stops a moving object. There are two main types: one where an electric current creates a magnetic field to physically engage a friction brake, and another where a moving conductor in a magnetic field generates eddy currents that oppose the motion.