Manager
State of Michigan
Total years of experience :29 years, 0 Months
Test Execution Manager established complete testing process and practices, overseen the test preparation, executions, reporting, escalation, resolution and implementation of several key application development testing projects, major releases and M&Os, associated with MCP implementation at PMO level of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Health Insurance Exchange (HIX) space in projects.
I am also involved with long term testing and release planning, facilitation, and completion of the testing plans and test cases for all of the related projects. With my extensive experience, I am responsible to make judgment for planning and accomplishing goals, leading, directing, supporting and managing teams of size 10-15, directing work in goal oriented direction. Authored and owned test execution report, metrics, daily test summary report, etc., also assisted program manager with test plan, test strategy and reporting documentation. My overall SDLC experience stretches back over 22 years.
As Manager with Quality Assurance, I have hands on experience with day-to-day coordination of Agile and Hybrid approach for end to end testing, project management staff, vendor partners, activities associated with the development for Eligibility Systems for the client agencies like DHS and DCH. I was also responsible for release planning and work prioritizing during my managerial capacities.
Individually and in groups, handled M&O testing, created test cases based on different possible functional scenarios, worked closely with BAs, Project/Program Managers and Testing Team at Program level, and Developers and Production Team at Project Level. Validated results, submitted for approval to business owners, provided explanation and clarified results vs requirements, obtained sign offs, and requested implementation of change requests and releases. Worked with IV&V consultants for CMS and State testing and signoffs.
Attended various daily and weekly meetings, at least 2 of them were leadership and high level management meeting. Also conducted daily defect triage call to identify, escalate and resolve defects. Facilitated meetings for all hands technical for defect investigation, resolutions, status update. Reported on test execution status, defects resolutions, resource utilization, time management, etc. to Management and Business. Contributed to prioritization of issues raised and resolve it accordingly. Provided support to various levels and groups including testers, developers, business analyst, business owners, project managers, implementation, and production teams in Agile and waterfall methodology based releases.
Assisted Release Management in Go-live process by coordinating: All pre-go live tasks are complete, A Go decision was made by Leadership this afternoon, All projects have code staged, Bridges Mass Update Batch is complete, The Hub has confirmed that all AT’s have processed into holding tank, Hub Flows are Stopped, MAGI Services stopped, Hub Services are stopped, Projects have released R5 functionality to production, Projects have confirmed code is released, flows are restarted, CGI Validation is complete, Hub Validation is complete, Maximus Validation is complete.
Responsibilities:
Collaborate, coordinate and facilitate the MMIS testing for SOM with various vendor partners to leverage standardized Web services and API testing process.
Collaborate and report to Program Testing Manager on all testing duties.
Co-develop, execute, and maintain a Test Management Plan, estimate the testing to be done and negotiate with management to acquire the necessary resources and lead a group of 15-20 testers including vendor partners.
Recognized when M&O and release dates is appropriate, plan the effort, select the scenarios, and ensure test data and execution of cases.
Ensure test environments and test data are in place by all projects and vendor partners before test execution and manage during test execution.
Act as liaison between program and project testing, State and vendors with testing activities
Manage resources including allocation, monitoring, motivating etc.
Coordinate all activities with program and project testers related to and during all applicable testing strategies; actively train and mentor testing teams.
Cooperate with the State and project team(s) as required; maintain awareness of testing alternatives at a level where they could be analyzed and the most effective testing strategy selected and agreed.
Provide progress/status reports and metrics on not only major releases but also for M&O testing activities to Management and also coordinated release management.
Ensure that any risks associated with the selected test strategy and the test plans are clearly documented and described to the program managers and project team(s).
Manage all risks associated with the testing and took preventative action when risks are unacceptable
Plan, arrange, and control meetings and relations with the vendor partners and testing team during test planning and throughout subsequent development and testing activities; took responsibility at a program level for the proper conduct of such relations.
Provide guidance on the preparation/review of test plans and provide guidance on the preparation/review of test scripts/scenarios, preparation/review of test results.
Check progress against targets, reporting as necessary and taking action to resolve exceptions.
Use Oracle SQL Developer to join SQL queries for SIT, QAT, UAT, Prod and Maintenance Patch environments for Bridges, MiBridges, HUB, Holding Tank, MTN for eligibility determination, AT/Magi response validations. Tested CMS Compliance to validate expected results, with IV&V auditors.
Work very closely with Chief Technical Architect and vendor partner technical resources
Adept with validation methodologies, underlying data elements, verification meta data, with State and Federal Hub, flags of AT SOM Attribute mapping, data structure type indicators, Xpath, from MAGI.
Able to analyze and explain various pends and exceptions reasons.
Hands on experience SOM’s complex and large web-based application (portal) testing built on Java, WebSphere, Oracle backend database and middleware used web services, API calls testing using SOAP UI.
Participate actively in JAD for scopes and requirements of major releases and M&O.
Work with vendor partners like CGI (MAGI Rules Engine), Deloitte (Bridges and HUB), Maximus (MaxStar, MiHealth, PE and DCT) and Oracle.
Coordinate combined testing efforts of different agencies like DCH, DHS, DIT, DTMB, and LARA.
Hands-on experience with Used IMB Rational JAZZ Tool suite for requirements management (Requirement Composer) and Quality Manager for Test Planning, Documentation and Reporting.
Test case packet creation process from scenarios and input data, testing program level requirements, submit test cases to business for approvals and execute them, mass update and time travel requirements, Application and Results XML validations, insert blocks, validate databases, log defects, triage and resolve, provide report of status to Program Manager Testing; data entry into simulator.
Validate the applications coming in from different doors like MaxPresumptive, DCT, Bridges, MiBridges, Market Place and FFM.
Write and edit XML based test cases to send FFM Bi-Directional cases using SOAP UI; creation and edition of various verification blocks.
Also worked with SharePoint Architect with customizing and testing for tracker, documentation and reporting at SOM. Tested Mobile application for processing application for Market Place Insurance.
Prepare, own, and maintain requirement traceability matrix document to correspond requirements to the testing efforts and results monitoring.
Update use cases in accordance to policy change and business rules updates.
Conversant with DCT, MiBridges, Bridges, Presumptive and FFM applications and data entry procedures, requirements, rules and business policies.
Familiar with logics and rules applicable for eligibility determination like taxes, household size, dependents, FPL, Income, ESO, Retroactive, relationships, citizenship, VLP, document type, etc.
Proficient with eligibility test data, i.e., what test data makes eligible for which TOA.
Aware of rules engine, familiar all the causes of pend and exceptions and knows where and how to validate them.
Knows the complete process flow of different doors to Hub to Holding Tank to Champs, Bridges and MaxStar to DCH DW downstream systems, along with the business rules and calculations for copay and coverages for MiHealth testing.
Execute testing with CMS and IV&V for State to FDSH and vice versa, HUB to CMS, etc.
Coordinate with auditors and IV&V inspectors for compliance certification, satisfied Feds requirement and received approval of system compliance.
Skills Used: XML, Calt, Oracle SQL Developer, SoapUI, LoadUI, Oracle10g/11i, MS-Windows 7, MS-Office 2013, Sharepoint, IBM Requirements Composer and Quality Manager, ChangePoint. Mobile Apps.
As an IT Manager, I oversaw agile implementation and process improvement, and discussed all production support aspects with application development management. Provided technical support for production cycles jobs and to troubleshoot issues. Developed relations with business community and the out sourced service providers locally and overseas.
Responsibilities:
Provided support to existing production support procedures.
Closely interacted with infrastructure, release management, change management, QA, DBA and application teams.
Responsible for arranging, assigning, adjusting, and monitoring shifts to have apt coverage
Provided regular status reports to management on application status and many other metrics and regarding critical outages until resolution.
Collaborated with management to improve and customize reports related to production support
Coordinated and escalated the resolution of major service issues.
Managed offshore, outsourced vendor to an SLA and execution of critical situations; allocated resources to resolve problems/incidents.
Defined and managed scope, budget, schedule, priorities, and risks throughout multiple projects
Managed a team to provide production support services to a broad area.
Mentored direct reports, created specific goals and objectives with staff to ensure that goals and objectives were met.
Delegated assignments to team leads and staff within same location and delivery teams of other cities of Kalamazoo County.
Coordinated efforts and met goals, facilitated staffing and schedule requirements across facilities.
Primarily focused on preventing future recurrences, instituted continuous process improvement.
Advocated for fixing problems that have a high degree of recurrence and ensured assignment to teams who are accountable for correcting them and preventing recurrences; handled SLAs in timely manner.
Recommended and implemented standard processes for Incident Management and ensured that clear, concise and actionable communications were made to key stakeholders during the duration of an incident.
Gathered resources and managed incident to ensure that service was restored as quickly as possible with little disruption in the event of an incident while partnering with vendors.
Recommended and implemented standard processes for Problem Management (PM) to ensure that root cause was determined for critical and escalated issues in a timely manner.
Assisted Director with lobbying for funding to fix problems that were likely to result in repeat incidents/outages.
Ensured all changes were reviewed for quality and compliance, documented and approved before implemented in Production environment.
Ensured applications in domain area were stable as measured by metrics on system availability.
Identified need, created, measured, reported metrics, and analyzed trends in order to avoid future problems.
Developed and implemented proper monitoring and alerting processes for applications/ systems.
Conducted performance testing and monitored system capacity versus demand and reported gap analysis to management.
Used capacity metrics to eliminate redundant hardware expenses.
Suggested and implemented advanced monitoring, run-book automation and build and deployment automation tools into assigned application domain to minimize system down time and proactively avoid future incidents/outages for the applications/systems in the business group/unit.
Supported management with IT Operational Governance role, by meeting regularly with stake holders.
Determined required financial metrics/data and operational performance metrics/data and sought to share this information, assisted Director to partner with the business to make better business decisions impacting a broad area.
Assisted Director to ensure budgets, spending and schedules align with corporate goals; co-prepared and administered budgets.
Coordinated projects and work assignments and monitored outcomes.
Collaborated and worked very closely with vendor partners to ensure stability of applications.
Tracked and reported performance.
Provided IT allocation expertise to ensure accurate billing and evaluated cost structures.
Skills Used: SQL Server, Java, WebSphere, HP Quality Center, MS Windows 7, MS Office 2010.
I oversaw the testing and implementation of various integrated applications related to the Affordable Care Act (ACA) and Health Insurance Exchange (HIX) by establishing formal QA practice, preparing test strategies, automation framework, structure, phases, and pilot in developing and implementing test plans ensuring compliance of the functional and technical requirements. Made suggestions for future releases which included federal and state billing and coding compliance requirements, based on my Medicaid operations expertise. CMS Compliance and Federal Hub signoff.
Responsibilities:
Built formal QA environment, assisted in hiring QA team, took over testing from developers and project team and instituted formal functional and automation process.
Worked on federally mandated Medicaid enhancements.
Assisted Business Analysts in finalizing the formal functional specifications document, modified to add the government EHR specs, worked with leads to transform into technical documentation.
Worked with developers to get the code migration to QA server.
Created test cases and plans to execute the adherence of the specification and provided severity/priority based defects reports and monitored resolution.
Tested in phases manually and used LoadRunner for performance monitoring before moving code to production; tested in production with client users while providing training on usability ease.
Established automation process for testing and implementations for agile and complex EHR technological environment.
Helped migrate data from legacy system to newly customized system, performed functional and automation testing using Silk Workbench 14, performance testing using Silk Performer 14.
Created QA sandbox and managed database and server, created test cases and scripts and executed them manually and using IBM Rational tools.
Logged defects in tracking tool, reported and assisted developers in replicating and fixing, ensure resolutions, and deployed code to production box.
Managed and controlled QA database and server; prepared performance test plan, executed, did test analysis, summary and reports. Instituted and executed Regression/UAT testing practices.
Provided input to architect, stake holders, project manager and developers on usability and functionality for quality enhancement of application.
Used Shell Scripts to automate batch processing process, scripts written in SQL, to validate data
Assisted business analyst in requirement gathering and creating functional requirements, and also backfill project manager performing scheduling, implementation, document deliverables, progress review and follow-up, team coordination and reporting to client POC.
Engaged in overall SDLC activities and not just QA.
Compliance incorporation for eligibility and claims processing by clearing house requirement practices in system for Title XIX purposes, "systems mechanization" and "mechanized claims processing and information retrieval systems" as identified in section 1903(a)(3) of the Act and defined in regulation at 42 CFR 433.111.
Trained users and now providing continuous assistance in reconfiguring EMR application transitioning the ICD 9 to ICD 10, and troubleshooting bills clogging at clearing house bottlenecks in agile project environment.
Rolled out fully customized Electronic Medical Records application to the client and satisfaction by operating autonomously in project based environment in waterfall development.
Skills Used: ICD 10, XML, Java Scripts, HIX, SoapUI, PL SQL, Silk Test Suite, Oracle 9i, HP ALM, EPIC.
I performed Manual and Automated Testing for Portware’s Algorithmic Trading System application releases/projects within an Agile/Iterative development environment using Scrum methodology. Provided leadership developing and directing QA and quality improvement for Portware’s initiatives for all products. Monitored QA systems and advised executive team on system performance; published statistics regarding performance against set goals. Performed gap analysis between applicable and current ISO standards; established and implemented a quality plan to bring the Portware into ISO compliance for financial trading. Performed internal QA audits that are compliant with Portware’s corporate policies and practices.
Responsibilities:
• Instituted QA Methodology and Processes to validate requirements and specifications.
• Assimilated business functions and development of systems in a highly user friendly manner; troubleshooting and finding solutions.
• Created automated test scripts for various phases of testing, maintained and extended existing scripts and overall framework accommodating functional changes.
• Managed automated test suites including source code control and integration with test management tools for defect tracking and control, version control, deployment, etc.
• Worked with Oracle Database for data validation, using querying tools, generated test data, SQL scripts used to generate and execute scripts, and used Java Programs to simplify testing and automation processes.
• Collaborated with client-facing QA representatives to ensure full customer satisfaction with Portware products.
• Established and maintained a QA program for monitoring quality, including audits, controls, and qualifiers.
• Conducted risk analysis, verification, validation activities, and formal design reviews.
• Supported new product development and continuous improvement and by integrating quality control six sigma tools into processes.
• Promoted and advocated quality achievement and performance improvement.
• Acted as liaison with customer auditors and assumed responsibility for ensuring corrective actions with customer specifications.
• Ensured ongoing compliance with local, national, and international standards and legislation.
• Persuaded staff to adopt and incorporate quality methods into their work.
• Created and maintained QA control documentation for all releases and identified relevant QA training needs and opportunities.
• Coordinated and collaborated with others in analyzing requirements to ensure the Test Plan and identified testing solutions met Portware’s needs and expectations.
• Reviewed and analyzed test results to confirm, establish, and communicate the cause of the discrepancy.
• Identified inadequacies and improvement opportunities in methods/standards and recommended changes.
• Involved in Quality Assurance and maintenance of the stocks, investment, dividends, shares and debentures and overall applications and systems which was developed using Visual Basic and Oracle on UNIX platform.
Skills Used: Java, ASP, QTP, PVCS, Oracle Database Server 9i, Multi-Asset Trading systems, Broker Neutral Open API system, Real time reporting and allocations, Seamless Integration, Transaction cost analysis, global deployment and alpha/execution algorithms. Oracle Server, UNIX, JSP, .Net, SQL Scripts
Accenture as solution provider to State of Ohio, converted many legacy core systems into Oracle Enterprise Platforms for the Finance (GL, AR, Budgeting, AP, Costing) and HCM modules. I was primarily in charge of testing Finance and HCM modules. I have strong functional knowledge of these modules. I was responsible for planning and conducting a wide range of quality assurance, control and analysis to ensure that all application products and services meet State of Ohio standards and Ohio’s Administrative staff requirements.
http://www.accenture.com/us-en/Pages/success-state-ohio-integrated-platform-oracles-peoplesoft-summary.aspx
Responsibilities:
Performed test planning, test design and test execution using state of the art LoadRunner tool with defects reporting using Quick Test Pro.
Formulated and defined systems scope and objectives through research and fact-finding combined with an understanding of applicable OAKS systems and State of Ohio’s requirements.
Identified successful implementation strategies for changing environments and led/managed administrative transformation and workflow mapping.
Independently collected and delivered project requirements; guided and advised business analyst, designers, developers, database and stakeholders.
Developed and maintained a detailed project plan and managed project deliverables in line with the project plan.
Managed project training within the defined budget.
Recorded and managed project issues and escalating where necessary; managed project scope and change control and escalating issues where necessary; tracked project progress and monitored performance.
Obtained technical skills required to train users on OAKS systems and trained State of Ohio Administrative staff, managed project evaluation and dissemination activities.
Used Oracle Database appliances engineered system package of software, servers 10g, storage and networking to provide a simple reliable and efficient integrated system for state of Ohio.
Developed and modified moderately complex information systems for OAKS, included analysis of OAKS user needs, documenting requirements, and revising existing system log difficulties.
Provided status reports to the Senior Leadership and State of Ohio Executives.
Rolled out with 100% compliance to Ohio Administrations functional and technical requirements.
Skills Used: Oracle PeopleSoft Enterprise applications (FM, HCM and Enterprise Performance Management Modules), Oracle Database Server 10g, LoadRunner and Test Director.
NET language for scripting, designed test automation framework, testing approaches, methodologies, and databases structure to design sophisticated test architecture.
•Worked with vendor partner QA teams and lead triage calls to resolve problems and identify alternatives and implications for Web Services testing. Tested mobile version of application end to end
•Evaluated, tested, and troubleshot various software applications at UI and back end validations.
•Designed and implemented various test strategy, framework, best practices custom suited to application and environments, worked with agile teams, delivered best quality applications on time.
•Administered and maintained databases, VDIs, EDI, defect tracking tools, configuration management, automation and performance testing tools to contribute to the evolution of applications’ testing.
•Automation testing: Clear and concise framework design for scripts, test scenarios, analyze & debug issues related to scripts, Execute the average Load, peak, and endurance testing.
•Design, development, installation, customization to incorporate the progressive enhancements of a mechanized claims processing and information retrieval system.
•Database migration and connectivity expertise from legacy systems to EMR/practice management.
•Instrumental in the transition to electronic health records (EHRs) in compliance to Federal standard.
•Implemented framework with IT groups with ITIL Methodologies.
Redesigned requirements, specifications, and testing strategy and performed ambiguity analysis, performed risk analysis, established testing priorities and scope.
Responsibilities:
Established and performed testing analysis and design, functional and performance models, and test specifications.
Executed test cases and scripts, analyzed test results, reported on testing results, facilitated defect resolution, document final test results to execute testing engagement.
Prepared technical training and process documentation for team, to aid with day-to-day support.
Skills Used: AIX systems, DB2 databases, WebSphere.
Oversaw end-to-end test execution and ensured that testing deliverables are on Coca Colas technical, functional requirements were met by clear understanding end-to-end application flow.
Responsibilities:
Worked with Change Manager and Technical Delivery Manager (TDM) in keeping clients involved during testing phase.
Confirmed resources were assigned to testing initiative.
Liaison between testing, project management and application team and ensured SSP compliance of all testing documentation, entry/exit criteria, and role clarity.
Point of contact and escalation for all testing related issues.
Active part of integrated test effort, communicated with release test manager for fixes, tracking.
Escalation point for Test team, PTMs, and TDMs, for issues related to testing process, testing tools, testing environments, and testing resources.
Defined and led process improvement initiatives, testing analysis and design, functional and performance models, and test specification.
Skills Used: Team Test, Test Director, Java, HTML, CSS, Oracle 9.2, MS-Windows XP.
The Brokerage Information Library (BIL) and Investment Relations Information System (IRIS) for Y2K compliance allowed users a single authentication method to access multiple web sites developed and maintained by Nations Bank database importing data from National Financial Services (NFS). Involved in Federal Banking Solutions Integration (FBSI) and Brokers Accounts Management (BAM) testing on Mainframe based on COBOL, DB2, Oracle 8i, and user training.
Responsibilities:
Tested for Quality Assurance to perform Web testing of Y2K application revolving around financial industry with a major global banking and investment firm for proprietary Web-based Connect 3.0 system for 2 projects.
Thorough testing of Y2K compliance of application manual and automated testing tools (SQA).
Ensured compatibility with vendor applications and functionality.
Tested customer browser upgrades, based on IE4.0; tested database response times and effectiveness of database redundancy.
Developed planning and scheduling on MS Project for status reporting and follow up.
Skills Used: Oracle 81, COBOL, DB2, IE 4.0, MS Project, Connect 3.0
Automated and manually tested process architecture, process design, developed and implemented test strategy, plans, and scripts, standardized templates, test bed, requirement trace ability matrix, built validations, and system certification.
Responsibilities:
Involved in the Client/Server Application Development responsible for discussing with the clients, defining user requirements, software designing, coding, implementation, and testing.
Wrote the user manual and trained end users.
Skills Used: Specialization PeopleSoft 8.3 (Supply chain, HRMS & Finance), LoadRunner 7.8, WinRunner, OPENSTA, Rational Enterprise (ReqPro, ClearQuest, Test Manager), QA Suite 7.9, Compuware, Webload, Linkbot, Astra load test, Site Scope.
Other skills:
Leadership / Management Skills
• Team Size: Lead teams of up to 15 QA Analysts and Testers, business analysts and developers.
• PMI Disciplines: Schedule Management, Risk Management, Issues Management, CC Management
• Industry Standards: ISO, Six Sigma, CMMI.
• Software best practices: Test-drive dev., (TDD), behavioral-drive dev., (BDD), continuous integration
SKILL SETS
Technical Skills
Proficient Working Knowledge Basic Familiarity
• XML • Oracle DB Server 9i & 10g • Shell Scripting
• Silk Workbench • Silk Performer • Silk4J
• H.P.Quality Center (ALM) • SQL Server 10 • Cucumber
• Change Point • ABAP • Android/IOS Testing
• .Net Framework • VB Scripts • C#, C++
• IBM Rational - RC & QM
• SharePoint
• Agile Environment (Scrum)
• Windows 7 & 8
• SOAP UI and LOAD UI
• MS Office suite 13
• MS Project
• Oracle SQL Developer
• Peoplesoft Enterprise Suite • AtTask
• ClearQuest
• Test Manager
• PVCS Defect Tracker
• PL/SQL
• Java Scripts
• QTP and Selenium, RC, WD
• SAP (SD, MM, FI, CO)
• .Net Framework & Scripting • COBOL, DB2
• Microsoft Active Directory
• MVS, CICS
• Cloud Computing
• Test Director
• WinRunner
• Java
• WebSphere
• Unix & Linux
Business Skills
• ACA Applications: Medicaid claims processing systems, MITA, Eligibility Determination, Bridges, MiBridges, MiChild, MAGI Incentives, MiHealth, CHIP, DCT, MaxPresumptive, MaxStar, WIC, etc.
• EMR Applications: VA’s CPRS VistA, practice fusion, IMS (Intelligent Medical Software), McKesson, Cerner Millennium, Centricity, Amazing Charts, UniCharts and EPIC. NCCI, ICD 9 & 10 and CPTs, and overall Terminology in ambulatory/clinical.
• MMIS Subject Areas: Eligibility Determinations, Claims, TPL, Reference and HIX Core.
• Methodologies: Agile (scrum), Sashimi, Waterfall. Implemented ITIL Framework and methodologies
• Phases: Requirements Definition, Business and Technical Design, Development, Test Planning, Unit, Functional, Regression and Integration Testing, Deployment and Post Release stabilization.
• Tools & Standards: Silk Workbench, Rational Suite, IBM Rational (RC & QM), Segue, Test Director.
• Automation framework: Jasmine, JsUnit, Mocha, NUnit, Rspec, Arquillian, etc
• XML Related Technologies: Build request and evaluate responses for web services, proficient with XLST, XPath, SAX, DOM, WSDL, Schema and DTD
• Banking and Financial Applications: Brokerage Information Library (BIL), Investment Relations Information Systems (IRIS), National Financial Services (NFS), Federal Banking Solutions Integration (FBSI) and Brokers Accounts Management Systems (BAMS). Algorithm based investment tools.
Research Articles and Publications in Progress:
• Impact of changing trends in Technologies on meaningful use implementation of HIT industry.
• Health Information Technology, Past, Present and Future, a Panoramic.
• Unmasking Loopholes in Existing EMR System, a peep through the Microscopic lenses, a forensic analysis and dissection.
• Corporate Ethics in Health Care Industry before and after meaningful use implementation in HIT
• Best Student and Top Grader among 31, 97% score, in HIT Implementation Support Training by Coordinator (ONC), U.S. Dept. of Health & Human Services HIT Grant.
and
courses: VHA Privacy Policy Training/HIPPA Certification
SQA Suite – Rational Tool Suite Training & Cert Orion Technologies, NY
Diploma in Marketing and Sales Management
, Dual Major -
in
courses: Advance Programming (Cobol, Unix and C languages)
courses: Advance Programming (Cobol, Unix and C languages)